Other tools developers can use to measure the impact of green software engineering practices include dashboards that give an overview of the estimated carbon emissions associated with cloud workloads, such as the AWS Customer Carbon Footprint Tool and Microsoft’s Azure Emissions Impact Dashboard; energy profilers or power monitors like Intel’s Performance Counter Monitor; and tools that help calculate the carbon footprint of websites, such as Ecograder, Firefox Profiler, and Website Carbon Calculator.
8 d’abr. 2024
Software Carbon Intensity (SCI) Specification
A specification that describes how to calculate a carbon intensity score for software applications.
Created and managed by the Standards Working Group in the greensoftware.foundation.
This document, the Software Carbon Intensity technical specification, describes how to calculate the carbon intensity of a software application. It describes the methodology of calculating the total carbon emissions and the selection criteria to turn the total into a rate that can be used to achieve real-world, physical emissions reductions, also known as abatement.
Electricity has a carbon intensity depending on where and when it is consumed. An intensity is a rate. It has a numerator and a denominator. A rate provides you with helpful information when considering how to design, develop, and deploy software applications. This specification describes the carbon intensity of a software application or service.
https://github.com/Green-Software-Foundation/sci
Choosing a greener algorithm could also save carbon.
Tools like CodeCarbon and ML CO2 Impact can help make the choice by estimating the energy usage and carbon footprint of training different AI models.
1 d’abr. 2024
Digitalization and Sustainability: A Call for a Digital Green Deal
A Digital Green Deal would aim to ensure coherence between sustainability policy and digital policy initiatives.
This requires addressing and integrating three aims:
- First, policies should reduce the environmental footprint stemming from lifecycle effects of digital technologies. For instance, design directives can establish environmental standards for hardware production, require manufactures to increase the share of recycled materials and reused parts, and require devices to be designed modular and repairable. Moreover, hardware companies can be incentivized to change their business models from selling to letting (device-as-a-service). To reduce impacts during the use phase, policies should set clear and ambitious energy standards for devices and data centers, ensuring constant improvement of those standards over time.
- Second, sustainability policies should foster the development and application of digital solutions that aim to spur genuine transformations in systems of provision and distribution while simultaneously minimizing usage of digital innovations that are counterproductive from an environmental perspective. Digital opportunities and risks should be addressed in a cross-cutting manner, for instance in legislation on circular economy, governance of value-chains and corporate accountability requirements. Opportunities and risks should also be addressed in sectoral policies, thereby advancing sustainability transformations in energy, mobility, agriculture, building/housing, industry, and consumption of goods and services whilst not setting back social issues. For example, transport policy-making should not leave the governance of vehicle automation to ethics commissions or data governance initiatives alone but proactively develop initiatives to support communal or private mobility providers (e.g., transport associations) in the bundling of vehicle automation and car sharing in a wider Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) environment. In general, governance should ensure that a digitalised solution provides an added value compared to a non-digital one. Also, risks of digital failure caused either by unpredictable environmental events or malevolent actors (e.g., cyber-security attacks) must be assessed and countermeasures configurated.
- Third, digital policies should include elements that serve sustainability goals. For example, most platform markets lack ‘production standards’ – there are neither energy standards for video streaming or social media platforms, nor are services on rental or sharing platforms bound to contribute to low-energy housing or reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in transportation. Since even comparatively strong platform legislation such as the Digital Services Package of the European Union do not fill this void, future legislation is needed that includes environmental and social standards for service provision in platform markets. Likewise, policies regarding data governance, artificial intelligence, e-commerce, digital finance, crypto-currencies among others should include legislation that advances sustainability goals.
Amid explosive demand, America is running out of power
Vast swaths of the United States are at risk of running short of power as electricity-hungry data centers and clean-technology factories proliferate around the country, leaving utilities and regulators grasping for credible plans to expand the nation’s creaking power grid.
In Georgia, demand for industrial power is surging to record highs, with the projection of new electricity use for the next decade now 17 times what it was only recently. Arizona Public Service, the largest utility in that state, is also struggling to keep up, projecting it will be out of transmission capacity before the end of the decade absent major upgrades.
Northern Virginia needs the equivalent of several large nuclear power plants to serve all the new data centers planned and under construction. Texas, where electricity shortages are already routine on hot summer days, faces the same dilemma.
The nation’s 2,700 data centers sapped more than 4 percent of the country’s total electricity in 2022, according to the International Energy Agency. Its projections show that by 2026, they will consume 6 percent. Industry forecasts show the centers eating up a larger share of U.S. electricity in the years that follow, as demand from residential and smaller commercial facilities stays relatively flat thanks to steadily increasing efficiencies in appliances and heating and cooling systems.
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